SCHOLARSHIP ABROAD

18th Constitutional amendment s a landmark achievement; yet it has still to implemented in toto. Instead, talks are in the air to revoke the same. The sole purpose of this exercise is to snatch resources from the provinces and keep them dependant upon the “ security “ state. The federal Govt will get a big pie for funding security; which is an outdated model of security since security means people’s safety and well being, not merely purchasing ammunition, at the cost of people’s safety. Another purpose is to dole out money to the losing Public Sector enterprises who have been in losses worth billions of Rs annually.  — Federal legislative list- Part 1 contain 53 items pertaining to Defence, foreign affairs, federal finance, Communciation, Commerce and Federal Law. The other 18 items of Federal legislative list- Part 2 are the mandate of CCI, not federal cabinet yet even they have been dealt by the federal government and no secretariat of CCI is established to ensure

Tribes of Chitral TRIBES OF CHITRAL The population of Chitral us comprised of varying ancestry but this difference is forgotten in the unity and affection that binds them to each other. The various tribes of Chitral are as follows: Khow These account for 92% of the population of Chitral and are spread in many villages. Original khow are of Aryan ancestry. It is believed that they came from central Asia,  Afghanistan  and  Kashmir . This dominant ethnic group is a heterogeneous tribe with an age-old class system. Basically, they are happy and contented people fond of music and hunting. Women observe pardah and are expert in making handicrafts. Kalash In the tenth and eleventh century, the Kalash ruled over  Lower Chitral , up till Hurbuns. In 1220, the tribe of Khow defeated Bal Singh, the Kalash ruler, and pushed them to the south western valleys of Chitral. Living with the Khow, they gradually embraced Islam. But those in the valleys of Bomborate, Birir and